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隨著人工智慧(AI)的發展,歐美目前已率先推出 AI 相關法案,台灣國科會主委吳誠文此前也曾公開表示,國科會將於今年底提出台灣首部 AI 基本法案,內容將兼顧產業發展、創新以及人權保障等面向,預計在 8 月會先對外預告,10 月底將草案送行政院。

台灣 AI 基本法草案出爐

就在昨(15)日,國科會提前發佈了台灣的 AI 基本法草案預告,揭露了台灣 AI 發展的 7 大原則和 4 大推動重點,共計 18 條條文,預告時間為 60 天,後續則將由行政院決定施行日期。 其中,7 大原則和 4 大重點分別為:

7 大原則

  • 永續發展:AI 研發及應用需兼顧社會公平、環境永續,通過適當的培訓,降低 AI 帶來數位落差的影響。
  • 人類自主:AI 發展應尊重人類自主,例如自主權、人格權等基本人權與文化價值,並且可受人類監督,以人為本,符合法治及民主價值觀。
  • 隱私保護及資料治理:由於 AI 發展不可避免涉及資料蒐集,需遵守隱私保護及資料治理原則,避免資料外洩風險、採用資料最小化原則,相對地,也促成非敏感資料開放及再利用。
  • 資安與安全:資安與安全的原則,要求在人工智慧研發及應用的過程,應建立資安防護措施,防範安全威脅及攻擊,確保系統的穩健性及安全性。
  • 透明與可解釋:透明與可解釋原則,要求對 AI 產出的資訊內容作適當的資訊揭露或標記,以利評估可能的風險及影響,提升對 AI 的可信任度。
  • 公平不歧視:公平不歧視原則要求 AI 研發及應用應避免演算法產生偏差或歧視風險。
  • 問責:要求承擔相應的責任,包括內部治理及外部社會責任。

4 大推動重點

國科會指出,政府應在 AI 推動上扮演更積極的角色,鼓勵 AI 研發、應用及基礎建設、資源分配、產業輔助等等,並且依 AI 作法規調適,基本法草案中的 4 大推動重點包括:

  • 創新合作及人才培育
  • 風險管理及應用負責
  • 權益保障及資料利用
  • 法規調適及業務檢視

國科會:需重視 AI 技術的雙面影響

國科會最後指出,AI 在對社會帶來積極的經濟效益的同時,也可能會造成新的風險,因此建立相關治理方針迫在眉睫:

AI 技術在氣候變遷、環境、醫療、金融、交通、內政、農業、公共服務等各領域對民眾具廣泛影響,但在 AI 帶來社會及經濟效益的同時,也可能對個人或社會帶來新的風險或影響。

因此,全球主要國家皆尋求建立人工智慧的治理方針與原則,如歐盟於 2021 年提出「人工智慧法」、2024 年通過審議,著重於人民權利的保護;美國總統於 2023 年發佈「發展與使用安全且可信任的 AI 行政命令」,訂立聯邦各部門人工智慧發展的推動任務。

行政院長卓榮泰:AI 不能破壞人權

新任行政院長卓榮泰上個月赴立法院進行施政總質詢時,他也表態:AI 草案重點將放在人類的自主,包括隱私權、人格權以及不歧視。

並希望 AI 創新能夠加上「民主」元素,所以是「民主 AI 的創新」,能夠維護人權、保障民主,維護個人隱私,而不是用 AI 侵犯、破壞人權,或是破壞整個社會的安定,這是在倡導 AI 創新時必須堅持的。

轉貼自: bnnext.com

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